Karmiel

Karmiel
Our view of the Galile

Friday, February 18, 2022

Breaking Convention- Parshat K Tisa

 Insights and Inspiration

from the

Holy Land

from

Rabbi Ephraim Schwartz

"Your friend in Karmiel"

February 18th 2022 -Volume 11 Issue 20 17th Adar Alef 5782


Parshat Ki Tisa


Breaking Convention


It was mind-blowing. Here I was in the city of Tiverya wandering around in an unkept field of weeds and wild brush. I was working on my upcoming column for Mishpacha magazine about the city and as well I have an exciting new project I have been working on with Artscroll. No, they’re not publishing my books. Don’t get too excited. Despite my Mishpacha credentials I’m still not politically correct enough for them; or at least my writing isn’t. And I’m not going to tame that down too much either. How could it be the “Most enjoyable Book about Pesach” without Rabbi Schwartz jokes in it. But it seems that they do like my new svelte look enough to feature me in their upcoming video in honor of the completion of the Schottenstien Elucidated Talmud Yerushalmi. My job was to video and explain where the Talmud was written, and I was having a bit of a hard time. It was somewhere here, I knew, but the place was a wreck. It didn’t look like too many people had been here since Rabbi Yochanan started writing the Talmud in the 3rd century.

 

Now, despite the fact that it is called the Talmud Yerushalmi after Jerusalem. I knew that it was written here in Tiverya. At that point in our history the Jews had been thrown out of Jerusalem after the Bar Kochva revolt and were in fact banned from coming to the city that had been renamed Aiela Capitolina. Yet when Rebbi Yochanan who was a student of Rebbi Yehudah who edited the Misha and wrote down the body of the work of our Oral tradition, decided that he was going to expand on that work by collecting and writing down all of the discussions, stories and debates that surrounded the Mishna and it’s laws, with some good stories and anecdotes along the way, the center of Judaism had already been relocated to Tiverya. Yet Rebbi Yochanan wanted the generations to remember Jerusalem. So this first Talmud was named after our destroyed city that we had been exiled from in order that our hearts and minds would always turn to it. So yes, I knew the place it was written was here somewhere. But where?

 

And then before me appeared a man. He wasn’t wearing a Kippa although he was Israeli and certainly Jewish. He had pulled up next to my car and asked what I was doing there. That’s how I knew he was Israeli. Americans pretty much mind their own business. Israelis really only mind everyone else’s. I told him I was a tour guide, working on an article and checking out the spot. He said “Do you want to see something cool?”  And a few minutes later there I was standing in the room where the great men of the Sanhedrin once met. The broken beautiful colored marble was on the floor still, the benches where they once sat were buried under earth and there was a little pillar front and center of the top of the room where it was clear the head of the Sanhedrin once lectured and where Rebbi Yochanan and his brother-in-law Reish Lakish would later have their great debates, as they compiled the oral tradition and discussed it’s teachings. I was in awe. Speechless. Which all of you that know me know that really doesn’t happen too often. Don’t worry it didn’t last long…

 

I turned to my new friend who saved the day for me and asked him what he happened to be doing here. He told me that he himself was a tour guide and had just discovered this place two weeks ago. While he was driving by, he saw my car parked there and something inside of him told him to pull over and show it to us. In my head I heard Shlomo Carlebach’s “Eliyahu Ha’Navi” song start playing. Hashem, perhaps in the merit of Rebbi Yochanan, perhaps in the merit of Mishpacha, of Artscroll, of Schottenstien, the future tourists I will take here, maybe even in the merit of you guys- at least the ones that sponsor these weekly E-Mails… OK even those of you that actually read them- more than just the jokes on the bottom. Perhaps in the merit of my wife who really would like me to get away from my computer for a few minutes, Hashem sent me his special messenger to help reveal to me the hidden place of the Sanhedrin amongst these ruins in Tiverya.

 

Yet, I stood here astounded. How could it be that such an important and holy site is left so forlorn? This place should be taken care of, it should be marketed, people should know about it. They have an ancient Roman theater here, a bathhouse where the Tana’aim and Amora’im, our holy sages from the Mishna and Talmud would congregate and bathe, and the study hall where these great sages battled in their fiery disputes of Torah daily and yet it is overrun hidden and destitute.

 

The truth of the matter is, I noted in the video that I made, the Talmud Yerushalmi as well lay for centuries if not millennia in the same sad and sorry state. This first Talmud ever, that really served as the basis for it’s child the Babylonian Talmud fell into disuse and remained a closed book; left for a handful of isolated scholars that had access to it and chose to delve into its wonderous teachings. It was like an old record or 8 track while everyone was spotifying the Bavli on their new Iphones. And yet to return there today with the recently completed edition of the Schottenstien Talmud Yerushalmi in my hand that will open up the door to once again, as they did with the Artscroll Schottenstien Bavli, to the masses and restore it’s glory to its special place gave me hope that one day this holy Beit Midrash will be restored and be filled with the students of Rebbi Yochanan and the sages who succeeded him filling the holy city once again with the voices and sounds of those reading and studying the teachings he left for us.

 

{By the way don’t you think Artscroll or Schottenstien should sponsor a weekly E-Mail? Are you reading Gedalia…? }

 

Yet on the other hand upon reading this week’s Torah portion I was struck by an incredible message and idea of the Meshech Chochma that sheds some lights on broken ruins and the function they serve throughout our history. He doesn’t speak about Tiverya, the Yerushalmi or even Batei Midrash explicitly but he does talk about the shocking and perhaps most visceral destroyed and shattered item in our history; the Luchos tablets with the Ten commandments that Moshe Rabbeinu broke after the sin of the golden calf in this week’s parsha.

 

What makes this aspect of the story so remarkable and that really begs to be asked is that I can understand that Moshe is disappointed, outraged and even shattered over this terrible sin, yet breaking the tablets that Hashem had Himself written seems to be extreme. I hear if he wants to kill everyone involved. If he would feel the need to do something radical to shake them up. But can you imagine if a Rabbi who was upset at his congregation got up on the Bima and took out a lighter from his pocket and set a sefer torah on fire?! And then stepped on it and ground it all up? Now imagine if this wasn’t just a sefer Torah, but rather it was an ancient one. One that the Gaon of Vilna wrote. One that Rashi wrote. Maybe even the Sefer Torah that Ezra the scribe had handwritten when the Jews came back to the Bais Hamikdash. This was decidedly worse. This was the tablets written by Hashem. Tbis was literally the original deal. It was the only physical manifestation of Hashem’s presence that took place at the only time in history revelation of His glory at Sinai to our entire nation. And Moshe simply smashes it and destroys that it one moment. As they ask in yeshiva, “Ha’yitochen??” Is this really possible?

 

Even more startling is that he did this without any previous commandment from Hashem. It was on his own. Yet, even more astounding is that out of everything that Moshe did his entire life, it is this one act that the last verse of the Torah, which in Hashem’s eulogy on Moshe describes as his greatest achievement.

 

U’lchol ha’yad hachazka, u’clchol ha’mora ha’gadol asher asah Moshe l’einei bnai Yisrael- and for all of the mighty hand and the great awe that Moshe did before the eyes of the Bnai Yisrael.

 

Thus concludes the Torah. And Rashi tells us from our sages that asher asah is a hint to Hashem telling Moshe

“Yasher Koach she’shibarta- your strength should continue because you broke them.”

 

What makes this act so great, so important that it dwarfs everything else Moshe did? The plagues, the splitting of the sea, the giving of the Torah, the shepherding of the nation for forty years in the wilderness and you know that wasn’t easy. We’re not a simple flock. But all of that is negatable compared to the breaking of the tablets. That’s the only and greatest “shkoyach” Moshe gets from Hashem. Why?

 

Now on the one hand this can be explained rather simply because in fact this was precisely the only thing that Moshe really did on his own cognizance. Everything else that he did was all from Hashem. He was just following orders. He was just the tool in the hands of Hashem. He was an eved- a loyal servant carrying out his charge and holy life mission. You don’t get a shkoyach or a medal for doing what you’re supposed to do. Here though he acted on his own. Perhaps he even took Hashem by surprise. Ok Hashem knows everything, I’m just saying that for drama. But you get the point. Yet, the question remains, how did he get the chutzpa to do this and even more significantly why?

 

The Meshech Chochma enlightens us on this very question that should strike a sense of awe in all of us. He suggests that the sin of the Jewish people was that they felt that Moshe was this holy prophet and that they needed some type of intermediary between them and Hashem. We are mortal flesh and blood. Sure, we could see and connect to Hashem that one time on Mt. Sinai, but from there on in we need holy people, holy things, holy places where and how we can connect to Hashem. They figured if they can’t have Moshe than they need something else. In the Mishkan there would be cherubs over the Ark of the covenant, it’s not such a bad thing. Let’s have a golden calf. It will be created with the name of Hashem. It will direct our hearts and minds to Him. It will be a physical manifestation of Hashem in this world just like Moshe the Ish elokim- that holy man who was able to soar up to the heavens and preform miracles from Hashem for us would be. That’s what they were looking for. But they were wrong.

 

Hashem doesn’t need intermediaries. The truth is the only real thing holy about anything is the Jewish people’s divine spark that connects to that through following the mitzva of Hashem. Moshe realized- and this is really the amazing part about what he writes- that if he gave them the tablets written by Hashem, then the luchos would themselves become another eigel; a golden calf on their own. Toirah, Toirah, Toirah. It’s a holy sefer. It’s a magical mystical book. You should keep it in your glove compartment. Hang a picture of it in your basement and it will keep away rodents. Go visit its tomb in some village in Ukraine. Go make a video there to celebrate the completion of the translation of a body of work of global proportions.

 

 Moshe needed to shatter that idolatrous notion. He needed them forever to know that the only thing that makes something holy- including himself incidentally, is that it is a tool that klal Yisrael elevates and comes close to Hashem with it. Once the Jewish people are not there, it’s gornisht. Don’t turn it into an idol. Don’t put it in a museum. It’s a churva. If you want to find Hashem then look at the Torah in your heart. Make it real, don’t treasure as a good luck charm. That’s not our religion. We were put here on this world so we can find the Hashem inside of each and everyone of us and reveal that. If we get caught up looking to find and reveal it in the so many golden calfs, and even Jewish golden calves that are out there, we ignore and bury the ones that are karov eileich ha’davar me’od, be’ficha u’vilvavcha- that are so close to us in our own hearts and souls alone.

 

Thus Moshe shatters those tablets, so they themselves don’t become a golden calf. And for that Hashem says “Yasher Koach”. Thank you for sending that message that only you could send. Thank you for letting them know that even you Moshe Rabbeinu are not a god. Not a magic worker. Not a miracle maker. Thank you for letting them know that the greatest and only real manifestation of My holiness will be from each and every Jew themselves. Even the Torah isn’t an inherently holy book without them. Even the Torah and the ten commandments tablets that I myself wrote. He then commanded that these shattered tablets will always sit with the ones that Moshe wrote afterwards. To remind the people, that the ones that Hashem wrote and that Moshe broke are no holier than the ones written by Moshe, a mortal flesh and blood man himself. It’s no holier than the one that you and I can write every single time we open up this book.

 

I saw a vort from the Kotzker Rebbi this week and posted it in my whatsapp status (which incidentally you guys should all be watching, as I have begun posting different snippets from my daily tours, besides the weekly parsha short that I video. If you want to subscribe, just send me your number). The Kotzker asks that originally the Jewish people claim they wanted a replacement for Moshe, but then right after the eigel,  they start singing and dancing in front of it saying “this is your god that took us out of Egypt”. Mema nefashach- either way he asks. What did they want a Moshe replacement or a God? The Kotzker in his usual sharp pointed way responds.

 

If you make you’re rebbe into an eigel, a golden calf then eventually you’ll turn him into the Eibishter. You’ll make him into Hashem”

 

So I sit here in this old deserted place of the Sanhedrin in Tiverya that is over run and abandoned and I appreciate even more so the wisdom and foresight of Rebbi Yochanan and his Rebbi, Yehudah Ha’Nasi and even the great Hillel who lived towards the end of the period of the Bais Ha’mikdash and who had witnessed as we had turned our Temple into a holy sentimental archeological relic. A beautiful building, but it was empty of the soul that we were meant to reveal from within ourselves to light it up and to shine it out to the world from. They understood that buildings will come and without us they will go. But we need to have something that will carry us no matter where we are even without any physical remnants. That is the Torah that is in our hearts. That is the teachings and the discourse that we can continue and extrapolate from and that we each can find our own portion in. Hillel, thus put his focus into establishing Torah study as the centerpiece of our nation. Rebbi Yehudah added to that by writing the Mishna. Not to make a holy book, but to give us tools to bring that light out from ourselves through it. And Rebbi Yochanan in writing his Talmud Yerushalmi, which birthed the Babylonian Talmud had that same vision. More and more books would be written. Would be elucidated, would become part of our nation. That is what makes the Torah alive. It’s what keeps us alive. Not the ancient texts that are treasured but the new generations light and soul with every new addition that comes forth.

 

Not all of us could write books. Not all could write E-Mails. But we each have us have a light that we are meant to bring out to the world. The Parsha of Ki Tisa which begins with the half Shekel coin and the counting of every Jew, is the clue that this is what the message of the golden calf is really all about. Appreciation that each of us count. Each of us complete that Shekel of Hashem who is the other half of our shekel. Each of are as holy as the tablet Hashem wrote on the luchos libeinu- the tablets of our heart. May we merit to reveal that light and shine it out to the world.

 

 Have an enlightening earth-shattering Shabbos,

Rabbi Ephraim Schwartz

 

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RABBI SCHWARTZ’S FAVORITE YIDDISH PROVERB OF THE WEEK

 

“Dayn mazl, Got, vos du voynst azoy hoykh; anit volt men dir di fentster oysgezets- You're lucky, God, that you live so high; otherwise people would break your windows.

 

RABBI SCHWARTZ’S COOL VIDEO OF THE WEEK

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8qYk8Vq-FU   – You will love this. A bit of nostalgia with the great Sandy Shmuely from my childhood… I don’t know how I found this but love it..

 

https://youtu.be/fbYlne8tCSY   – Been reading my good friend Sruli Besser’s book on Rabbi Trenk and saw this short video on his yartzeit from a student visiting his grave and meaningful minute.

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLMjOUH2DjU   – Another great song on Eitan Katz’s new Teruma release. Ki Keil Melech… I love this disc.

 

https://youtu.be/7x46haMqkV8  Great Shmuli Ungar new hit son Tatty and Mommy !

 

https://youtu.be/kydr-fZGOLo   - I really believe this new album of Eitan Katz is one of his best. Check out this new song and video with Joey Newcomb… It’s awesome.

 

RABBI SCHWARTZ'S TOUR GUIDE EXAM QUESTION OF THE WEEK

answer below at end of Email

16) The name of the fortress from the time of Herod, built north of the Temple Mount is: ________

The main reason for building it there was:

A) Proximity to the Via Dolorosa

B) Proximity to a spring

C) Topography

D) Fear of invasion by the Edomites

 

RABBI SCHWARTZ'S PARSHA/SHABBOS CONNECTION OF THE WEEK

 

Making Shabbos -Parshat Ki Tisa- We say this verse from our Torah portion each Shabbos multiple times and many have the custom to recite it by Kiddush by day as well.

V’Shomru Bnai Yisrael es Ha’shabbos- and the Jewish people will guard the Shabbos

La’asos es Ha’shabbos- to make the Shabbos

 

But what does it mean to make Shabbos,  is a question that we should ask ourselves after saying it this many times. How does one “make” Shabbos. Seemingly the observance of Shabbos is one that is kept by not violating any of the prohibited acts considered work. But if that’s true than we’re not really making anything? We’re merely not violating it.

 

The Ostrovozh Rebbe writes an incredible idea about this verse and he explains that the Talmud tells us of as story of a merchant that was walking around asking people who wanted to live long. He had an special elixir and crowds started to gather around him. He opened up his bag to pull it out and much to their surprise in his hands was the verse of King David in Tehillim that asks

Mi Ha’ish Ha’Chafetz Chaim- who is a man who desires life

Netzor Leshoncha me’rah- he who guards his mouth from speaking evil; from speaking lashon hara.

The great sage Rebbi Yannai upon hearing about this merchant remarked how he never understood this verse until he heard it so explained by the merchant.

 

The Ostrovzher explains that what Rebbi Yannai learned from this man is precisely the dilemma that we are facing by our making Shabbos question. It would seem that one who doesn’t speak Lashon Ha’rah isn’t doing something worthy of reward. He is merely not violating the commandment of speaking gossip. Why should one get reward for not sinning? For keeping quiet. The answer though is that the Talmud tells us that one that is a Shomer- A person charged with guarding something is in fact considered as if he is doing an action. It’s the act of watching and preserving something. For that one gets reward. If one guards his tongue, he is not merely avoiding engaging in sin, rather he his preserving and protecting the holiness of his mouth, his spirit and is rewarded with extended mortal life for that.

 

In the same way, one who observes the Shabbos isn’t merely avoiding doing work. By us keeping those mitzvos of Shabbos we are in fact guarding it. We are making it. Shabbos has lasted in the world with all of its holiness and the intricacies of its laws because we are it’s guardians. We are the ones that have preserved it for generations- l’dorosom bris olam- and eternal covenant. When we say those words each Shabbos we should appreciate our special role and bris with Hashem. That’s the way we can “make it”!

 

RABBI SCHWARTZ'S ERA’S AND THEIR PLACES AND PEOPLE IN ISRAEL OF THE WEEK

 

The sins of Yeravam- 797 BC-   With the kingdom of Israel splitting off from the tribes of Yehudah and Binyamin and having seen Rechavam’s acceptance of the prophecy that this is the way it was ordained to be and sending home the army of 180,000 men that he had marshalled to attack them, the Northern Kingdom turned to Yeravam ben Nevat who had fled to Egypt in the times of Shlomo to lead them. Yeravam had been given a prophecy by Achiya Ha’Shiloni that he would rule the North and he jumped to the task, however his ego got in the way and was to be his downfall.

 

The year this all took place was the Shemitta year and the law is that the Sukkot after Shemitta all Jews would come to Jerusalem to the Temple and there would be a huge ceremony where the entire Devarim would be read; the Hakhel ceremony. Yeravam realized that if that would happen, he would be forced to stand while only a king from the house of David was permitted to sit. This would of course detract from his status as a legitimate king. In order to prevent that he did what Jews do throughout the millennia. He started his own shteeble. Two of them in fact. He built two temples, one in the North which you can visit today in Tel Dan and the second where you can see some remains still in the South of his kingdom by Binyamin in Beth El. There you can see remains of the floor there as well as the place where Yaakov had his miraculous dream of angels going up and down the ladder. In Tel Dan, which was in use even in the second Temple period by pagans one can see the Mizabyach that is the exact measurements of the one in temple and they even found in rooms next to it earthenware that said ketores (incense) on it. Cool!

 

To make matters worse Yeravam built big security fences so that Jews couldn’t cross to Jerusalem and he even erected Golden Calves as the symbol of his empire. It seems bizarre to us in retrospect as the golden calf is like a swastika pretty much in its offensiveness. Yet, Yeravam was trying to create and alternate from of Judaism that revolved around God and was connected to Moshe who had never come to the land and to Aharon who had built the original golden calf. Finally, he changed the holiday of Sukkos to a month later, according to our sages he even played around with the day of Shabbos and other holidays and he relieved the Leviim and Kohanim of any sanctity as they refused to go along with his program and they fled back to Jerusalem.

 

These are not good things and this really sets the tone for the rest of the era of the first Temple where king after king both in Judah and Israel will fail to restore Israel and Jerusalem to it’s former glory. Hashem through the prophets tries to get them to repent but it is generally to no avail. Next week we will read about the first prophet that Hashem sends to Yeravam and the fate he suffered.

 

RABBI SCHWARTZ’S TERRIBLE BROKEN JOKES OF THE WEEK

 I've getting feedback that my jokes are in broken English, so here's one in Spanish. Uno.

I tried to buy something from a perfume vending machine, but it was broken. It just had a sign on it that said "Out of Odor".

The penny marking machine at the US mint just stopped working for no reason. It just doesn't make any cents!

Here is a joke about a pencil with a broken tip. Never mind it is pointless.

Anyone want to buy a broken barometer? No pressure..

I have 10 cookies, you take one. What do you have now? A black eye, broken hand, and no cookie

A stationery store was broken into. Box files, wall calendars and appointment diaries were stolen.

Police suspect highly organised crime.

 

Why is a broken drum, the best present you can give someone? Because you just cant beat it.

A man and his wife are awakened at 3 o'clock in the morning by a loud pounding on the door.

The man gets up and goes to the door where a drunken stranger, standing in the pouring rain, is asking for a push. 'Not a chance,' says the husband, 'It is three o'clock in the morning.'

He slams the door and returns to bed. 'Who was that?' asked his wife.

'Just some drunk guy asking for a push,' he answers.

'Did you help him?' she asks.

'No. I did not. Its three o'clock in the morning and it is pouring rain outside!'

His wife said, 'Can't you remember about three months ago when we broke down and those two guys helped us? I think you should help him, and you should be ashamed of yourself!'

The man does as he is told (of course!), gets dressed and goes out into the pouring rain. He calls out into the dark, 'Hello! Are you still there?'

'Yes,' comes back the answer.

'Do you still need a push?' calls out the husband.

'Yes! Please!' comes the reply from the darkness.

'Where are you?' asks the husband.

'Over here on the swing!!' replies the drunk

 

Our distributor shipped us a box of broken calculators. Seriously, we can't count on them at all anymore.

 

Bernie decided he wanted to be an aeronautical engineer and build airplanes. He studied hard, went to the best schools, and finally got his degree. It didn't take long before he gained a reputation as the finest aeronautical engineer in all the land, so he decided to start his own company to build jets.

His company was such a hit that the President of Israel called Bernie into his office. "I want to commission your company to build an advanced Israeli jet fighter.

Needless to say, Bernie was tremendously excited at this prospect. The entire resources of his company went into building the most advanced jet fighter in history. Everything looked terrific on paper, but when they held the first test flight of the new jet, disaster struck. The wings couldn't take the strain--they broke clean off of the fuselage!

 Bernie was devastated; his company redesigned the jet fighter, but the same thing happened at the next test flight--the wings broke off. Very worried, Bernie went to his shul to pray, to ask God where he had gone wrong. The rabbi saw Bernie's sadness, and asked him what was wrong. Bernie decided to pour his heart out to the rabbi. After hearing the problem, the rabbi put his hand on Bernie's shoulder and told him, "Listen, I know how to solve your problem. All you have to do is drill a row of holes directly above and below where the wing meets the fuselage. If you do this, I absolutely guarantee the wings won't fall off."

Bernie smiled and thanked the rabbi for his advice...but the more he thought about it, the more he realised he had nothing to lose. So Bernie did exactly what the rabbi told him to do. On the next design of the jet fighter, they drilled a row of holes directly above and below where the wings met the fuselage. And it worked! The next test flight went perfectly!

Brimming with joy, Bernie went to tell the rabbi that his advice had worked. "Naturally," said the rabbi, "I never doubted it would."

"But Rabbi, how did you know that drilling the holes would prevent the wings from falling off?"

"Bernie," the rabbi intoned, "I'm an old man. I've lived for many, many years and I've celebrated Passover many, many times. And in all those years, not once--NOT ONCE--has the matzo broken on the perforation!"

 Berel, Yankel and Moishe were at a convention together sharing a large suite at the top of a 75-story hotel. After a long day of meetings, they were shocked to hear that the elevators in their hotel were broken, and they would have to climb 75 flights of stairs to get to their room. Berel said to Yankel and Moishe, "Let's break the monotony of this unpleasant task by concentrating on something interesting. I'll tell jokes for 25 flights, Yankel can sing songs for the next 25 flights and Moishe will tell sad stories for the rest of the way." At the 26th floor, Berel stopped telling jokes and Yankel began to sing. At the 51st floor, Yankel stopped singing and Moishe began to tell sad stories.

"I will tell my saddest story first," he said. "I left the room key in the car."


When our lawn mower broke and wouldn't run, my wife kept hinting to me that I should get it fixed.

But, somehow I always had something else to take care of first, the shed, the boat,

making beer.. Always something more important to me. Finally she thought of a clever way to make her point. When I arrived home one day, I found her seated in the tall grass, busily snipping away with a tiny pair of sewing scissors. I watched silently for a short time and then went into the house. I was gone only a minute, and when I came out again. I handed her a toothbrush and said, "When you finish cutting the grass, you might as well sweep the driveway."

 

Hashem and the satan were in a dispute over a broken fence. Hashem said you have to pay for half.

The Satan said "not paying".

Hashem said "you have to, or I'll sue!"

The Satan laughed and said "where are you gonna get a lawyer?

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Answer is C – This one is not an easy one for most non- tour guides. The reason is because the average person doesn’t really care about the specific names or even the make real estate on the Temple Mount besides the Bais Ha’Mikdash. But any tour guide really should know this one as in our course they do grill you a lot about Yerushalayim and rightfully so. The fortress built by Herod to overlook the Temple Mount was called Antonia’s fortress named after and in honor of his Roman patron Mark Antony. It was built there because of the topography of the Temple Mount so that it could stand on the Northern corner and look over the entire temple mount area. There were no edomites, it was built before the Via Dolorosa was there although Christians have some claims about the place and its not close to a spring.  So the score is now Schwartz 13 and 3 for MOT (Ministry of Tourism) on this exam.

 

 

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