Karmiel

Karmiel
Our view of the Galile

Thursday, October 26, 2023

Our "Cousins" - Parshat Lech Lecha 2023 -5783

 

Insights and Inspiration

from the

Holy Land

from

Rabbi Ephraim Schwartz

"Your friend in Karmiel"

October 27th 2023 -Volume 13 Issue 3 14th of Cheshvan 5784

 

Parshat Lech Lecha

 

Our “Cousins”

 

You may not like this E-Mail. I’m not even sure I will like it. It’s not something I’ve fully digested yet. These days though things are moving so fast that it’s hard to digest anything. And since this is the post-stomach-surgery-Rabbi-Schwartz, bichlal I need a lot more time to digest things. But yet Hashem is the one that is presenting us with this meal. We’re meant to be eating it and taking it all in. All of it, with all it’s flavors and tastes. With all it’s nuances. The bitter and the sweet. The tears and the songs. The spirit and the sadness.

 

Let’s start off with what I’ve already digested. The sweet part. Klal Yisrael is united like never before. I saw videos of Chasidim in Square town dancing with an Israeli flag by a wedding and secular Tel Aviv soldiers holding Belzer Chasidim on their shoulders- and they’re not light- singing Avinu She’bashamayim- Our Father in heaven we love you.

 

There are chareidim running to join the army, and others running around comforting the bereaved, making and delivering food and supplies to soldiers and families that have been evacuated from the South and even picking fruits and vegetables in these farms- that may not have even kept in Shemitta in the Gaza border, because they don’t have any workers to do it for them. At the same time the number of soldiers that are wearing tefillin and tzitzis daily, the amount of secular Jews that have started lighting Shabbos candles, observing mitzvos and are davening regularly is unprecedented. We are one. Just like that.

 

At least in this regard the salvation of Hashem has come k’heref ayin- like the blink of an eye and wiped out all sinat chinam from amongst us. That prayer of Avinu Malkeinu has been answered. Hashem has given us the first taste of what Mashiach’s time will feel like, as the Rambam describes, when there will be no hatred or jealousy or fights between us. And it tastes really good.

 

As well He gave us the next course of what it can feel like when the world is turning to us and supporting our mission. When it sees us as the light Hashem has chosen to chase away and obliterate the darkness. At least some of the world. OK well… at least some of the world leaders are saying so for now. Although as we can see there are certainly too many that have joined TEAM Nazi-Hamas and evil and the Dark Side as well. We always knew there were antisemites out there, but the fact that 51% of 18–24-year-olds in the United States and 25% of the general population, according to the polls I saw, feel that Hamas was justified in chopping off Jewish babies’ heads, raping its daughters and burning families alive while dancing and desecrating in their blood is definitely a serious wake-up call. Statistically one out of four of your neighbors on your block feel that you and your children’s death is justified because you support Israel, because your Jewish. Because your part of the Tribe.

 

Your children that might be on college campuses around the country may have felt somewhat nervous or in danger until now. But, that ain’t nothing compared to what we’re talking about now. Guess what? Every other kid there on their campus thinks they should die. 51% is a big number. That’s still indigestible. Is it as indigestible as the Holocaust and the false sense of security of “this will also pass” that our grandparents felt in Hungary, Poland and Germany in the 1930’s?  I don’t know. As I said, I’ve got a small stomach these days.

 

That the U.nited N.othings hate us was always a given. That the hate-filled squad of AOC and all those NY’ers that vote for her and that there would be tens of thousands around the world protesting on behalf of these sub-human animals, is also not a chiddush- not something that was unexpected. Yet, that there are major companies like Microsoft, Amazon, Deloitte, Mastercard and McKinsey that have come out on the side of the poor Gazan refugee victims. That business-is-business is something Jews more than anyone else understand, certainly when it comes at the cheap price of the blood of our children and attempted Genocide of our nation. Yet, to see it up close when not even 80 years after the Holocaust have past is hard to swallow. But as we Torah-studied Jews know from long ago from our sages- ‘Esau soney es Yaakov’- that Esau hates Yaakov, is not a trend. It’s a halacha; one of the basic laws of the universe like gravity, like one plus one equals two. It just is.

 

Yet, the hard part that I wanted to write about this week isn’t about Esau. It isn’t about our “errant” brother of Yaakov. Maybe we’ll get to him on that parsha. This week it’s about our cousin Yishmael- the Arab world. The Arab world about whom-I often pointed out to my tourists, it never says hates Yaakov. There is no such Halacha. In fact historically we Jews until the last century have always faired better under Muslim rule than Christian, Pagan, or Atheist countries. Always. Arabs in the past always merely wanted money out of us. They weren’t blood-thirsty animals that the Cossacks, Crusaders, or inquisition was. They weren’t Nazis or even Stalin. We’d pay off Achmed a few shekels and we’d be fine. It wasn’t always fun. There definitely were Jewish deaths and murders. But they weren’t genocidal. They weren’t Esau.

 

Things changed when we returned to Israel. When Hashem began to bring us home. When as Rav Moshe Shapiro brilliantly writes on this week’s parsha, we entered the final era of this exile, as described by the Gaon of Vilna, The Maharal, the Zohar, the Midrash and Rambam amongst many other sources, the era of the Galus Yishmael. When we will suffer under our cousins’ hands. This is it boys and girls.

 

The Midrash of the Pirkey D’Rebbi Eliezer writes over 2000 years ago

 

(Chapter 32) “There are 6 whose name was given before they were born. Yitzchak, Yishmael… as it says ‘and you shall call his name Yishmael. And why is his name called Yishmael? For in the future Hashem will listen to the cry of our nation because of what the children of Yishmael will do to us in the land at the end of days… As it says ‘Yishma El V’ya’aneim- God will hear and answer us.’

 

His name is Yishma-el because it is through the atrocities he will commit against us- that seemingly will be worse than anything Esau ever did to us, that will cause to cry out like never before to Hashem and be answered. As I said, we’re there.

 

Who is this Yishmael? What is he about? What is his power? And how are we meant to defeat him? Rav Shapiro, quotes the Maharal of Prague that explains that the vision of Daniel in which he sees four beasts rising up from the sea to destroy us correspond to the 4 exiles that we must endure until our redemption. The first is a lion is Babylonia, the second is a bear which is Persia/ Media the third is a leopard which is Greece and the fourth which is a combination of the previous animals is Rome and is the longest fiercest of all of them.

 

Yet, the Maharal continues there is a fifth exile; Yishmael. He is not part of this prophecy because he is not compared to an animal. He is what Hashem described as what is wrongly translated as a Pereh Adam- a wild man. I say wrongly translated, because in Hebrew the adjective follows the word it describes. So an Ish Tov is a good-man. Tov describes the word, ish-man. A talmid chacham- is a student of a sage. Student is the noun and chacham is the adjective that describes who he is a student of. Thus it follows that in the case of the word pereh adam, it’s accurate translation would be a man-like wildness. His essence is wild, yet it appears like a man. But he’s not human. He’s a wild being at his core.

 

A wild beast- a chaya, human beings have rule over. We can conquer and rule over and even subjugate them. It’s what Hashem told Adam in the Garden of Eden our job is. The other four nations that will exile us, Daniel sees as wild animals that we can and did ultimately overcome. Yet, Yishmael, is not a wild beast. He’s the only nation, besides Israel that is described somewhat as an adam- a man. He’s fascinatingly and terrifyingly even more powerful and frightening than the animals that terrorized and murdered us in the past. Because he has a certain power just as we do. And is even our equal in many ways. It is for that reason our sages were terrified of the era when Yishmael takes the reigns and teams up with Esau. It’s at the point that we are at a loss.

 

Who is this man/beast? How is he born? What is his origin? His DNA? This week’s parsha tells us that Yishmael is a product of Avraham and Hagar, Sarah’s Egyptian maid-servant who happens to be the daughter of Pharaoh. He is the combination of both worlds. He’s got Avraham’s faith in Hashem like no other nation. Unlike Rome, the pagan worlds of Greece, Persia and Babylonia or even the Atheists and Communists of Russia and the Christian worlds, they are not idolators. They don’t believe that God has children with women and kills them for the world’s sins. Yishmael believes in the same God that we do.

 

In fact Reb Moshe writes that he had heard that Reb Yehoshua Leib Diskin would not walk in front of an Arab that was praying in the same way that Halacha prohibits walking in front of a Jew that was praying! They’re davening to Hashem, and in some ways their dedication and willingness to sacrifice everything in His name comes from Avraham’s faith and willingness to sacrifice himself and be thrown into the fiery furnace of Nimrod because of that faith. That’s scary. That’s not a chaya. That’s an adam- like Avraham, that has power that other nations don’t.

 

Egypt on the other hand threw something else into this DNA. The Torah tells us that the difference between Egypt and Israel is that Israel is a country that is not like Egypt where…

 

Where you sowed your seed and which you watered by foot, like a vegetable garden

 

Egypt has plenty of water for its fields. They just kick a bit with their feet and they’ve got the Nile River that flows all over and they’re good to go. They don’t need heaven. They don’t need prayer. They have it all right there under their feet. In fact, that’s why he suggests that we find that Yishmaelim worship the sand under the feet. Wherever they walk they define as being holy. The holiness is right on the ground they walk on. It’s wherever they decide it should be.

 

 Eretz Yisrael stands in stark contrast to that.

 

But the land, to which you pass to possess, is a land of mountains and valleys and absorbs water from the rains of heaven,

 

For things to grow in Israel. To survive in this hilly mountainous range, we need rain. We need to turn to heaven. And thus Hashem tell us.

 

And it will be, if you hearken to My commandments that I command you this day to love the Lord, your God, and to serve Him with all your heart and with all your soul, I will give the rain of your land at its time, the early rain and the latter rain, and you will gather in your grain, your wine, and your oil. And I will give grass in your field for your livestock, and you will eat and be sated.

 

Our existence is dependent on our connection to Hashem. Fearing Him. Following His ways. Doing what we’re supposed to be doing on this world. We have that connection. The snake in the garden of Eden’s curse, as the Kotzker Rebbi famously said, was that his food would be the dust of the earth. He never needs to turn to Hashem to get His next meal. He thinks he has it all. That is the danger that the snake Satan lives with and threatens the world with.

 

The danger and DNA of Yishmael, which is different than any other nation is that they believe in God with total faith, yet they define that whatever they do here in this world as Allah’s work. It could be the worst atrocities, but it’s what Allah wants them to do. They don’t look to heaven. They bow to the ground under them. Hitler, the Nazi’s, the Vatican and even Stalin tried to cover up what they did. Not these guys. They’re Facetiming live and claiming that it’s Allah, as they burn families alive and decapitate babies. It’s distorted faith on steroids. And that makes them more dangerous than anyone else.

 

The Mahral, notes that they are in fact the only exile that is not considered a malchus; a kingdom or empire, unlike Persia, Rome, Babylonia and Greece. Because they don’t have an independent kingdom. They live in tents. They are all over the world. They believe that the whole world is Gods or Allahs just as we do. They are the only other nation that Hashem’s name “E-l” in their name. Because they are also about the kingdom of Hashem. But rather than looking to Hashem for what His will on this world should be, they define it by what they’re animalistic tendencies and the dust of their feet determines it should be.

 

The antidote to them as we see at the end of this weeks parsha is Yitzchak. Yitzchak who as we will see next week is willing to be sacrificed and give up everything because Hashem told him to. Because he doesn’t have a will other than Hashem’s will. That act of the binding of Isaac- where he literally was tied up so that he has no personal natural physical inclination that would prevent him from giving himself up and which is the ultimate submission to Hashem-is the epitome of the opposite of Yishmael.

 

That act takes place on Har Ha’Moriah; our Temple Mount. And it is for that reason, Reb Moshe writes, that the Arabs have always tried to disconnect us from that and ban us from going and worshipping there. This is despite the fact that Jerusalem has no mention or place in their Koran. It’s because fundamentally they understand on a spiritual level that it is the place that stands in stark contrast to all they do and want, and claim. And we do as well.

 

How do we beat them? There’s only one way. It is total submission to Hashem. It’s the declaration that we have no power besides Hashem. In gematria the difference between Yishmael and Yisrael is 90 which is the letter Tzadik. The difference between us and them is knowing what a tzadik is. Tzadik Hashem bechol derachav- Hashem is righteous in all His ways. We look to Hashem and nullify ourselves to His will. That’s our power against them.

 

What does that mean? Its declaring that loudly to the world and to ourselves. It’s not the army, the iron dome, or our tanks that will win us this war. It’s certainly not Biden. It’s not about politics. It’s about revealing the oneness that comes from us when we say Shema Yisrael Hashem Echad together. All of us. It’s when we not only bite the bullet about all the petty divisions, the “religious” disagreements and disputes. The “my” form of Judaism that defines our religion by the way “I” think it should be. By the type of Kippah that “I” wear, the nusachI” daven, the mitzvos “I” think are more important, that “my” Rabbi tells me I should put all my focus on- because that’s what’s really important. It’s about understanding that Hashem wants us all together to say it’s Him. All of us. And if you don’t get that, then there’s still too much “you” in equation. There’s too much “me…” There’s too much Yishmael.

 

One of the reasons why I started off saying that this is hard for me to digest, is not only because it’s hard to believe that we really are at the doorstep of Mashiach, and that we’re really facing off with the last major challenge and birth pangs of a new and final day, although that is pretty wild. Rather it’s because perhaps because I’m an American, and perhaps maybe even because I was raised with an out-of-town mentality. I find it almost abhorrent to myself to stereotype and suggest that there is a concept of DNA and spiritual tendencies and genes yada yada…Particularly as a Jew who knows his history and whose nation has been the target of all the worlds worst stereotypes and racial slurs, I’m even more sensitive to that. As I think probably we all should be, naturally.

 

We all bristle when we hear someone say “You Jews…” and we should when we hear someone say the same about “Blacks” “Puerto Ricans”, “Mexicans”, “Germans” and yes as well even Arabs. There were good Poles that saved Jews, there are many productive and successful Blacks, Mexicans and all minorities. And yes, there are many Arabs as well that serve in the Army, that are not animals. That want peace. There have been many Druze soldiers that given their lives to save Jewish lives. There were Arabs even in the 1929 Massacre of Chevron that hid and saved Jews. Here in the North we have relatively good and even friendly relationships with many Arabs. I certainly do, with many that express scorn on the Palestinians and expressed real horror and even empathy about what took place. Maybe they all aren’t Yishmaelites. We find that Yishmael himself (as you can see in my new Tefilla-Prayer of the week column below) does teshuva. So it’s hard to read and learn something that paints with a giant stroke an entire nation. I’m digesting it still, as I said,

 

Yet, at the same time I see the truth of it as well as it regards to us. What this Yishmael has done to us is make us realize that we are really one nation. We are all the same. We all have the same heart, spirit, same God. See, until now we may have looked at our own brothers and sisters as being totally different than us. We may have even felt more comfortable with some of our goyim “friends” who shared our “value” system more than those in our “family”. The frum might have felt more comfortable with republican American Trump loving goyim or Christianvangelicals than their liberal left-wing (what they described as) “self-hating” Jews. Those left-wing non-Orthodox Jews may have felt more comfortable identifying with their liberal pundits than their Chasidic or religious Chareidi brothers and sisters. Yishmael came and reminded us that it was all stupid. It was all wrong.

 

We are and always will be one and will be closer to those of our blood, our history and destiny because we come from Avraham and Sarah- not Hagar. We are descendants of Yitzchak and will give our lives for one another. We are a nation of unbreakable faith. We went through the smelting pit of Egypt together, we sang at the splitting of the sea together, and we all stood on Mt. Sinai and heard Hashem tell us that we are His chosen nation. All of us. It is in our DNA. Because there is such a thing as a spiritual DNA. This last bit of exile is to fight against Yishmael and remind ourselves of that. It’s no wonder this parsha and promise of the end of days is called Lech Lecha. For we are going toward ourselves. Our truest shared essence. That’s the way we get to the land we have been promised. It’s the final thing we have to digest.

 

Have peaceful Shabbos,

Rabbi Ephraim Schwartz 


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YIDDISH PROVERB OF THE WEEK

 

Ah hundert hayzer zol er hobn, in yeder hoyz a hundert tsimern, in yeder tsimer tsvonsik betn un kadukhes zol im varfn fin eyn bet in der tsveyter - A hundred houses shall he have, in every house a hundred rooms and in every room twenty beds, and a delirious fever should drive him from bed to bed..

 

RABBI SCHWARTZ'S TOUR GUIDE EXAM QUESTION OF THE WEEK

answer below at end of Email

 

11.The first Crusade left Europe in the year ___________.

Where can remains of the sugar industry from the Crusader period be found?

A. On the Galilean coastal plains

B. In the mountains of Jerusalem

C. On the slopes of mount Hermon

D. In the Jordan Valley

 

RABBI SCHWARTZ’S COOL VIDEO OF THE WEEK

 

https://soundcloud.com/ephraim-schwartz/shomer-yisroel  My latest moving composition- the prayer of all of us in this horrific war- Shomer Yisrael- Dovid Lowy did an amazing jobs on the vocals and arrangements

 

https://soundcloud.com/ephraim-schwartz/kum This week’s Parsha my Kum song! Amazing!

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6W8GxuBYNM- and this is the original with translation of that song…Elokai Neshama… it should be a merit for him…

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1h6dIEQMz3s   - On her 3754th yahrtzeit Benny Friedman and Baruch Levines V’Shavu Vanim new Mama Rochel song. Chayala Newhaus incredible lyrics..

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJD4j4mdc10   Mama Rochel new song by Ari Zoldan great war footage

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3oXuVBZ0Cs    A Dedi Tribute from Yanky Briskman and Yedidim

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fvOYgHCihIUMaccabeats Song For Chayalim

 

RABBI SCHWARTZ’S PARSHA PRAYER INSPIRATION OF THE WEEK

(NEW COLUMN)

Prayer for Children This week’s parsha of Lech Lecha contains perhaps the one prayer that we wish now more than ever was never prayed. It is the prayer of our Patriarch Avraham when being told that he would have a child. He would have Yitzchak, who would inherit the land of Israel. Avraham’s response was to pray that his son Yishmael should live before Hashem

 

Lu Yishmael Yichyeh lifnanecha- It would be enough if Yishmael should live before you.

 

This prayer Reb Elimelech Biderman suggests and even proves is the secret why this cursed nation that we suffer from is still around. Yet in this prayer there is a powerful message, he finds in what the power of prayer can accomplish.

 

In Parshat Chayei Sarah we are told that when Avraham dies Yitzchak and Yishmael come to bury him. Our sages note that although Yishmael is the older brother by 13 years he allowed Yitzchak to go before him. From here they derive that Yishmael did teshuva. He repented. In fact we even have great Jewish sages throughout history that had the name Yishmael. Most notably the Kohen Gadol that went into the Holy of Holies and even gave Hashem a blessing. So Yishmael ultimately did teshuva.

 

On the other hand we note that Esau, the wicked son of Yitzchak and the brother of our Patriarch Yaakov, never did teshuva. He remained wicked until his head was chopped off in his attempt to prevent Yaakov’s children from burying our Father in the Machpela cave. Why is it that Yishmael did teshuva and Esau didn’t?

 

Rav Biderman answers and derives from here that it is because Avraham had davened for Yishmael while Yitzchak didn’t. Now it is not because Yitzchak didn’t love Esau that he didn’t daven for him, rather it was quite the opposite. The verse tells us that Yitzchak loves Esau because he “hunted him with his mouth”. He tricked Yitzchak. He would ask him questions in halacha regularly. He pretended to be righteous. Yitzchak had no clue that he needed to daven for him.

 

Avraham on the other hand realized and knew what Yishmael was. So davened that he should “live before Hashem” That he should get the fear of God upon him. That he should reform and that he should return. And his tefilla worked. Because prayer always does, particularly prayer for one’s children. For we are like Hashem in that prayer- we are a Father asking for his children and we turn to Hashem as a Father as well. The tefilla for Yishmael worked despite the fact as we said that he was really by his nature almost beyond hope. He was a pereh- adam a wild man. Yet, the heartfelt prayer can work. And that is the last for us as well. Never stop praying for our children. Our Father in heaven is always listening.

 

RABBI SCHWARTZ'S ERA’S AND THEIR PLACES AND PEOPLE IN ISRAEL OF THE WEEK

 

Life after Death- a Prophets last message- 633 BC Elisha had led the nation for 66 years after his Rebbi, Eliyahu’s death during the kingdom of Yehoshafat and his children Yehyochaz and Yoash. While he was alive there was a degree of protection for the nation. When he died the native Moabites across from Jordan started to maraud the people of Israel. And here’s where an amazing story takes place; the final miracle of Elisha.

 

The Navi tells us that there was a funeral that was going on and when they came to bury the person, they heard Moabites coming and so they put down the body and fled. The body touched the bones of Elisha and came back to life again. Pretty cool!

 

Now who was this person and what was the point of the miracle. There are two opinions amongst the Midrashim. The first is that this was a wicked person. And it was unbefitting for Elisha to have him buried next to him. So Hashem brought him back to life again and had him walk away and then die again somewhere else for the honor of the grave of Elisha.

 

Another more fascinating opinion is that this was in fact a righteous person. It was none other than the husband of the prophetess Chulda whose name was Shalom Ben Tikva (what a great Zionistic name!). He would sit by the city gate and hand out water to all of the pilgrims to Jerusalem. It’s interesting that one of the gates on the southern wall of the Temple Mount is called the Chulda gates. Despite the fact that the entire Temple Mount outer complex is only from the 2nd Temple period, but according to some it got that name because the Talmud tells us that Chulda the prophetess would sit by city gates. Maybe with her husband, Shalom, giving out water to pilgrims.

 

Even more fascinating is that Chulda and Shalom after he was resurrected, we are told went home and had a baby. That baby’s name was Chanamel Ben Shalom, who also plays an important part in the history of our nation. For he was the uncle or cousin of Yirmiyahu whom Hashem commanded to redeem his field before the destruction of the Temple. He did so and they had it signed and sealed for all times by his servant Baruch Ben Neriah. The message being that one day, there will be houses bought and sold in Jerusalem once again. Fascinatingly enough in the City of David we have found remnants of Bullas- clay seal that actually has the name of Baruch on it. Could it be from that document.

 

But the cool thing is that what the message to Yirmiyahu and to us was that Jerusalem may look dead but it will come back to life. Who better to get that message from then Chanamel, the child that was born from the resurrected father Shalom. Amazing! Perhaps as well one day soon we will see Gaza and maybe even Lebanon returned to its Jewish hands where it belongs as well…See, always a timely message in this column as well…

 

RABBI SCHWARTZ'S FUNNY GAZA MEMES/ JOKES OF THE WEEK

 

Every day the News reports of another Hamas commander killed in an air strike in Gaza? How many commanders are there? I’m starting to suspet that just like every guy in Lakewood calls himself a Rabbi, every Muhammed and Ahmed in Gaza calls themselves a Commander

 

The difference between us and them

Hamas terrorist- Mommy, look at me! I killed 10 Israelis!

Israeli Soldier- Mommy look at me I saved 10 people!

 

A Jew for Palestine protestor is like a chicken demonstrating for Colonel Sanders

 

In times of tragedy we send humanitarian aid and doctors to the world and they send us their world leaders- every one gets what they’re lacking…

 

A reminder for those in Gaza on October 29th we turn the clock back to the Stone Age

 

Israeli soldier to Hamas terrorist “How old are you”

Terrorist- “Next month I’ll be 24”

Soldier- “Wow, you’re optimistic”

 

This war has it’s benefits. When ever my children start fighting I put on my ringtone that sounds like a war siren… Works great!

 

Achmed- “Fatima! Did you finish cleaning the house?”

Fatima- “All I have left are the steps”

 

It’s God’s job to judge the terrorists. It’s ours to arrange the meeting…

 

And just like that I haven’t seen any Black Hebrew Israelites proclaiming themselves to be the “Real Jews”  over the past three weeks. Weird…

 

Neturei Karta- “We were Pro-Hamas before it was trendy”

 

Proven Conversation winner with Pro-Palestinian activist.

1) Ask him if he feels Israel has a right to respond to terror against it’s citizens.

2) When he tells you “No!” then ask him “Why”

3) Wait until he tells you something stupid about “how violence only leads to more violence and makes the situation worse and will hurt innocent civilians”

4) Punch him in the face

5) when he tries to punch you back explain to him how violence only leads to more violence…

6) If he agrees with you. Punch him again in the face.

7) and again and again and again until he understands that sometimes you have to punch back…

 

Why do we need to report that there were 500 people killed in Gaza. Why not just say that theire unemployment level is down by 10% percent.

 

The answer to this week”s question is A – Got this one right too. The first part was easy. I go over Jewish history dates with all my tourists all the time. I can do this in my sleep. So 1099 was an easy year to remember. As far as part two I wasn’t sure. But I took a good guess, Akko was the Crusader capital so it made sense that would be where they grew sugar. I was right, Baruch Hashem! So doing not bad on this exam so far with the score being Rabbi Schwartz at 8.5 point and the MOT having 2.5 point on this latest Ministry of Tourism exam.

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